Description: This paper demonstrates some of the basic principles and concepts inherent in the use of natural reserves to adjust earnings and to demonstrate differences in earning patterns obtained by several alternative approaches to a pure natural reserve adjustment of earnings.

Description: This paper presents an in-depth analysis of life insurance protection which rises with increases in the consumer price index, with special attention to the nonforfeiture values. Two methods of calculating policy values are presented: change of state method and index accumulation method. Finally, there is some discussion of pricing and policy drafting.

Description: Section 818c of the Life Insurance Company Income Tax Act of 1959 provides, for companies holding other than net level premium reserves, a choice of two methods: exact revaluation or approximate revaluation to this basis. This paper discusses the impact of the choice on the level of a company's tax reserves. A discussion paper follows.

Description: It is the purpose of this paper to present sample calculations which demonstrate one possible actuarial approach in making the required cost analysis and illustrative costs to reinsure life risks individually under present-day conditions.

Description: The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of the Monte Carlo technique to a practical situation in a company, group term rate making. It included a discussion of some of the problems encountered and the solution to these problems. Followed by several discussion papers submitted

Description: An extension of a paper published in the 1952 Transactions by the same author, describing and classifying various funding methods for defined benefit pension plans. Followed by discussion papers submitted by several authors.

Description: The life annuity mortality risk is the variation in actual financial experience of a group of annuitants from that expected, attributable to the mortality experience of the group. This paper investigated the mortality risk present in a single life annuity and determine the effect of age, sex, assumed interest rate, mortality table, and form of annuity on this risk. Then, it investigated the mortality risk in various portfolios of annuities. Followed by several discussion papers submitted

Description: Provides a theoretical basis for determining an insurer's price-earnings ratio, discusses the effect on earnings of changes in investment income, and discusses the effect on surplus and earnings of changes in reserve basis.

Description: This paper uses a Bayesian approach to persistency to explore retirement cost projection variability. The analysis is divided into two parts. In the first part a subjective population projection model is developed, based on a beta-binomial distribution for the number of participants persisting through a given age. Probability statements regarding such items as the number of participants at a given age and the distribution of retirees are developed. The second part shows how the model might be used to generate confidence intervals for retirement cost projections. Both the single-entry-age case and the multiple-entry-age case are considered. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1979, Vol. 31.

Description: This paper was prepared in order to set down some of the approaches which might be followed in carrying out the mandate to apply GAAP to stock life insurance companies. Followed by discussion papers submitted by 2 authors