Description: In this paper, the long-term funding consequences of negotiated improvements in pension plans are examined. Particular emphasis is placed on the effects on both contribution rates and the overall funding position of the plan of such things as benefit increases to retirees, reductions in the average retirement age, economic events that affect the size of the active work force, and the interplay between the increases in pay and benefit rates and the other valuation assumptions. A simulation model is used to uncover the influence of each variable. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1981, Vol. 33.

Description: This paper describes some of the minimum guaranteed death and maturity benefits that have been offered or proposed in conjunction with variable annuity contracts, proposes prospective reserves for these guarantees based on change factors that are somewhat analogous to interest factors used in typical life reserves, and proposes a set of change factors.

Description: The objective of this paper is to analyze the nature of the probability density function of rates of return on common stocks, to develop a simulation model for evaluating the net risk premium for an asset value guarantee at the end of a specified investment period under an equity-based product and to analyze the sensitivity of the net risk premium to changes in several underlying parameters. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1969, Vol. 21, Pt. 1, No. 61.

Description: This report presents a new set of select and ultimate expected individual life insurance lapse tables, based on inter-company experience of standard ordinary business between 1971-1972 policy anniversaries. Discussion includes overview of how the data was collected and how the tables were constructed and how they should be applied in practice.

Description: This paper presents an analysis of group weekly indemnity continuation table data contributed by seven companies. Claims costs and other data are developed for this short term disability type coverage.

Description: This paper discusses the purpose and nature of the benefit ratio [otherwise known as active life] reserve in relation to the class of health insurance contracts to which it is intended to apply. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1988, Vol. 40, Pt. 1.

Description: This paper discusses the pricing of bond options and interest-sensitive cash flows by discrete state/time models such as binomial lattices. Current binomial models are faulty because the put-call parity relationship may not hold for all periods and there may exist negative interest rates. This paper presents a binomial model without such riskless arbitrage opportunities. This model allows the initial term structure of interest rates to be prescribed exogenously, so that the model price for each stream of fixed and certain cash flows is the market price.

Description: Report presenting a detailed description of how the actuary can analyze C-3 risk, using asset-liability analysis.

Description: This paper presents a new insight into the mathematical structure of asset share-type calculations. Asset shares are interpreted as accumulations of insurance cash flows, which along with their related investment income, are treated as Stieltjes integrals. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.

Description: The paper analyzes recent individual annuity mortality experience, derives comparative annual mortality improvement rates and, in particular, examines in detail the 1976-86 experience in the most recent Report of the Individual Annuity Experience Committee. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1995, Vol. 47.