Description: At this presentation, the panelists address the following questions: 1. How is health insurance risk measured? 2. How and why do surplus requirements differ between health insurance and life insurance? 3. How and why do surplus requirements differ among health insurers [e.g., Commercial, Blue Cross, HMO] and among health insurance products? 3. What are some of the current techniques being used by health insurers for determining target or required surplus and for managing surplus? 4. How do the rating agencies view surplus requirements for health insurers? From the Record of the Society of Actuaries Vol. 17, No. 3A.