Description: In this paper, we introduce a political risk variable, d, to measure risk of foreign direct investment FDI. The political risk variable has opposite effects of loss reduction and loss prevention in Ehrlich and Becker 1972. The unique characteristics of political risk insurance make the applications of actuarially-based pricing models infeasible. In this study, by taking into account the effects of self-protection and self-insurance through the variable d and by maximizing utility function, we find the equilibrium for insured and insurer in a competitive market and in a monopoly one. In addition, under the equilibrium status, the boundary for the amount of investment, the insurance coverage, and the minimum required rate of return on the FDI are derived.

Description: Paper discusses the issue of life expectancy of seniors tending to exceed the age at which they are no longer able to drive, hence an increasing number of years defined as mobility dependency. From 2005 Living to 100 and Beyond Monograph, M-LI05-1.

Description: This research report study uses the property/liability insurance industry as a research sample to examine how risk management, financial management, and capital management are related to each another. This allows reflecting such relationships in: 1. the managerial decisions in the choice of derivative and reinsurance use. 2. the allocation of asset risks. 3. the determination of underwriting activities as well as liabiity risks. 4. the adequacy of capital levels.